Just wondering. Is a religion a cult? Or another way, what is the difference between a religion and a cult, or are they the same?
Col
I thought I knew, but I look this one up to be sure. (I did know it, but wanted to not mislead you, Col.)
A cult doesn't have to be religious, though its adherents will firmly believe in whatever that cult believes, usually to the point of excessive zeal and a near-violent or totally violent reluctance to abandon the ways of the cult. I remember the old Windows/Mac cult-like behavior from 40 years ago, and I look at Android/Apple phones these days as near cult-like. Musicians sometimes take their musical beliefs to an extreme as well. But technically, none of the last three examples count as a formal religion.
In the specific case of religion, a "cult" is a matter of degree, not kind. If there is a scale for this kind of thing, the more extreme end of the scale would be a cult and the less extreme part of the scale would be an "ordinary" religion. Think back to Jim Jones and the Guyana (cyanide in the grape Kool Aid) suicide pact, or David Koresh and the Branch Davidians and their fatal shoot-out in Waco, Texas from some years back. If you can discuss religious dogma with a person and not immediately get condemned to eternity in Hell (or punched out) just because you are of a different denomination, the odds are that the other person in the discussion is not a cult member.
Scientology is an example of something that includes cult-like behavior and they CLAIM their beliefs are religious. Everyone knows that the founder of Scientology, L. Ron Hubbard, only started the religion so he could get a tax break, but these days nobody seems to care. There are some really severe shenanigans going on with their leadership, including the mystery surrounding the wife of their leader, David Miscavige. Mrs. Miscavige hasn't been seen in public since 2007. Many people have left Scientology after claiming various kinds of abuse.
With regard to Islam, there are denominations with different degrees of interpretation. The one to avoid is the Wahhabi sect, which is where the militant branch seems to congregate. The Sunni Muslims are less strict than the Shia (Shiite) groups, which are in turn less violent than Wahhabi.