Rather than using Yes and No which are confused with strings and sometimes actually stored as strings, if the data type is Y/N (it's name is confusing you) it is NUMERIC so it is never a string. Yes and No are just ONE of the several format options for showing the value that the field hold. Other options are True/False, and a checkbox. Checked = -1 and unchecked = 0. With no formatting, you will see the actual value that is stored which is -1 and 0. The field always holds -1 for True and 0 for False and the sooner you understand that, the easier it will be for you to understand the code of others as well as what you see as data in a table that might just be formatted differently than the format you are using. True and False are much less likely to be confusing to you or to anyone else who reads the code. They are also universally used in all relational applications. Yes and No will only ever work in the very small context of Access. ThedbGuy gave you the answer. Did you try it or did you think he was wrong and so you experimented more with what you thought was the "correct" solution? When someone with as many points as thedbGuy, jdraw, and I have gives you a simple specific answer, it is very likely to be correct. Not 100% but very close